Page 49 - Журнал «Русский Берег» #10-2022

RUSSIAN COAST | № 2/9 2022 ТРАДИЦИИ | TRADITIONS

of 8‑9 m2. Dark red and dark the Koran in Arabic. On a small rug, the prayer mats to huge salon carpets. One of
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blue are considered traditional craftswoman created a real picture. Floor the largest carpets with an area of 468 m2
for Tashpinar carpets. These colors provide a carpets were also woven. The main motive and a weight of 3 tons covers the floor in the
decorative effect between the borders and for them is a medallion, and it should hall of the Yildiz Palace complex in Istanbul.
medallions. Intermediate shades ‑ red, plum, traditionally be present in the pattern of this It was woven in 1897 on the occasion of the
gray‑blue, black. You can often find henna type. Now Ladik carpets are completely visit of the German Emperor Wilhelm II and
and cinnamon colors. handmade only in one cooperative and covers the entire floor of the hall. According
All Tashpinar carpets are decorated with several households. As before, the masters to the composition, there are two types of
floral motifs arranged in geometric order. The use 13 color schemes. The predominant Hereke carpets ‑ wool with cotton and “silk on
figure, although highly stylized, is given little colors are black, red, dark green, dark blue, silk”. Silk hereks are the thinnest carpets in the
space. The usual motif is a composition with brown, and beige. In accordance with the world ‑ they contain more than a million knots
deer antlers and leaves. The main drawing is requirements of the drawing, light shades are per square meter. Despite the fact that the
medallions with figures of eagles spreading also added to the model ‑ white, dark pink, threads are very thin, because of the weaving
their wings. In Tashpinar carpets, the surface light pink, light green, light blue, and yellow. technology, the products are durable.
is filled according to a scheme consisting Modern Ladik carpets are floor‑standing, The Hereke method allows the possibility
of borders, a central pattern, and corners. large sizes, designed for living rooms and of using a second duck. In this technology,
Even if the type of carpet changes, the salons. Synthetic paints are used, and only a technique with Gerdes knots and double
arrangement of patterns cannot be changed. a part of the coating is created manually. knots is used, which increases the strength of
LADIK CARPETS Masters use printed drawings. Types of the canvas. In a day, the craftswoman will
Since the XVII‑XVIII centuries, Ladik district models are named after the central pattern be able to weave only 2‑2.5 centimeters of
in Konya was famous for its carpets along of the medallion ‑ Ottoman, Star, Vase, carpet, so the creation of one Hereke carpet
with the Anatolian carpet weaving centers ‑ Palace, Tray. takes 6‑7 months or more, up to several
the cities of Ushak and Kirshehir. The name, HEREKE years. Such deadlines are required due to the
as in the case of Deshemealty, united several Hereke carpets are recognized as the best complexity of the pattern, special execution
villages in which the same type of carpets examples of world carpet weaving and have technique, and large coverage area. The
was woven. In the museums of the world been awarded at professional exhibitions drawing of salon carpets is dominated
and private collections, prayer mats made of ‑ in Lyon (1894), Brussels (1910), Toronto by complex floral motifs. Tulips, leaves,
Ladyk ‑ seccade are mainly found. (1911). They add luxury to the interiors of the hyacinths, carnations, almonds are combined
In particular, among the exhibits of the Ottoman palaces of Dolmabahce, Topkapi, into bouquets to form a unique pattern. The
Museum of Ethnography in Konya there is Yildiz, Beylerbeyi, Chiragan. In Europe designs include more than 200 types of
a seccade, which is 300 years old. Until and Japan, representatives of royal families flowers and plants.
the 1st half of the XX century, Ladik masters tread on them. The beginning of the famous The classic and most common pattern is
wove only a Gerdes knot, and later, when stamp was laid by Sultan Abdul Majid I. Yedi dağın çiçeği, or "Flower of the Seven
Iranian models came into fashion, the In the middle of the XIX century, during the Mountains". Life in Herek is still connected
double knot technique was added. The weft construction of the Dolmabahce Palace, he with carpet weaving today. Female workers
yarn in Ladik carpets is not homogeneous, ordered the construction of weaving factories often come to the factory in their teens, right
it consisted of three types ‑ 40% New in order to provide the Ottoman palaces with after school. Having become masters, they
Zealand wool fiber, 40% fattening wool carpets of large sizes. teach their daughters and granddaughters.
of Karaman sheep, and 20% merino wool. The first factory appeared in 1843 in the Weaving family dynasties are formed. The
Cotton threads were used for the base ‑ weft village of Hereke, in the province of Kocaeli machine in Herek is in almost every house.
threads were attached to them. On a square near Istanbul. The best artists and weavers Women, even if their main job is not related
centimeter, the masters wove 32 knots. In the from all over the empire came there to work. to carpet weaving, are engaged in carpet
second half of the XX century, Ladik carpets Later workshops were built for the craftsmen weaving as a hobby. Since the value of the
began to be produced in Konya in small in the Dolmabahce pavilion. Hereke factories finished carpet is high, such an occupation
factories, the equipment of which consisted produce products of various sizes, from small brings a good income.
of large looms with iron elements. A dyeing
plant was also built here, where yarn was
supplied for coloring. They washed it in hot
water, and so that the threads would not
stretch, after coloring they were left to dry
stretched. Ladik prayer mats were valued for
the variety of patterns. A frequent motif on
them are columns, an altar, stairs, and stars.
Seccade borders were decorated with
blooming flowers and buds, geometric
shapes leave on branches. There were
patterns in the form of inscriptions from

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