Page 31 - Журнал «Русский Берег» #10-2022

RUSSIAN COAST | № 2/9 2022 ПРОГНОЗЫ | PREDICTION

онстантинополь пал 29 мая Constantinople fell on May the walls of these educational institutions,
1453 года. Конница султана ENG 29, 1453. Sultan Fatih court fortune‑tellers were also trained. Their
Фатиха Мехмета ступала по пло- Mehmet's cavalry trod the services were in demand ‑ the rulers of
Кщадям великого города, празднуя squares of the great city, celebrating the numerous sultanates and beyliks, into which
победу. Пророчество, когда‑то напугав- victory. The Ottoman chroniclers in the the Seljuk state eventually disintegrated,
шее жителей, сбылось — турки завоевали work "Mansure-i Istanbul Fetihnamesi" wanted to know the future.
столицу Византии на убывающей Луне, wrote about this date as follows: "Mehmet The Seljuk rulers themselves did not shy
после затмения. Османские летопис- the Conqueror launched the great attack away from this tricky science. The chronicles
цы в труде «Победоносное завоева- at an auspicious hour determined by of the XI century mention how Kutalmysh,
ние Стамбула» («Mansure‑i Istanbul astrologers." The prophecy that once one of the contenders for the throne of the
Fetihnamesi») об этой дате писали так: frightened the inhabitants came true - the Seljuks, tried to change the date of the clash
«Великую атаку Мехмет Завоеватель на- Turks conquered the capital of Byzantium with Sultan Alp Arslan, realizing that these
чал в благоприятный час, определённый on the waning Moon, after an eclipse. were astrologically unsuccessful days for
астрологами». him. When that failed, he entered the battle
В Османской империи придавали The Ottoman Empire attached great and lost it.
большое значение влиянию планет importance to the influence of the planets Recognition of the power of celestial
задолго до похода на Константинополь. long before the march on Constantinople. bodies over people has led to attempts
Основным источником астрологических The main source of astrological knowledge to build relationships with the planets, to
знаний служили опыт их предшествен- was the experience of their predecessors, the use their power. In the symbolism of the
ников, турок‑сельджуков, и верования Seljuk Turks, and the beliefs of the indigenous Seljuks, there is a joint image of a Lion and
коренных тюркских народов. Позднее Turkic peoples. Later, the legacy of the the Sun on coins. On the one hand, this
к ним добавилось наследие завоёванных conquered Byzantines was added to it. suggests that already at that time in Anatolia
византийцев. they knew about the connection of the
SELJUKIDS AND ASTROLOGY constellation Leo with the Sun, that is, about
СЕЛЬДЖУКИДЫ And there was something to inherit. the correspondences that are accepted in
И АСТРОЛОГИЯ Unlike the First Rome, where astrology the scientific world to this day. On the other
Астрологи‑учёные появились на землях was not favored, the emperors Diocletian hand, there is a belief in the power of the
Анатолии в начале второго тысячелетия, (284‑305), Constantine II (337‑361), and throne, which has the support of planetary
когда византийцы уступили свои азиат- others issued decrees expelling astrologers forces.
ские территории туркам‑сельджукам. from the state, in the Second Rome the Scientists watched the star‑studded
В новом государстве частью системы fascination with the science of the stars was sky from observatories. One of them was
образования стали медресе — учебные widespread. The authors of the chronicles discovered by archaeologists in the city of
заведения при мечетях. В них, наряду с ис- cite numerous examples of the significant Harran, which is now located on the territory
ламскими дисциплинами, арифметикой influence of astrologers on the population of the Turkish province of Sanliurfa. The
и астрономией, изучали и астрологию. of the empire, and this influence was not university ‑ the Harran School ‑ has operated
С годами медресе в крупных городах, always positive. So, for example, Agafiy there since ancient times. When the Seljuks
таких как Конья, Кайсери и Мардин, Mirineysky describes the hysteria that advanced to the south in their conquests, the
стали настоящими научными центрами. gripped the residents of the capital in the school with the observatory became part
На диспуты в их богатые библиотеки 550s. because of a series of earthquakes of the madrasah. Modern tourists who find
и просторные аудитории съезжались учё- and the prophecies of astrologers who themselves near the ruins will be shown the
ные из соседних стран — Азербайджана, predicted almost the destruction of remains of a special well, which in ancient
Ирана, Хорезма. В стенах этих учебных everything that exists. So the appearance times served for astronomical calculations
заведений обучались и придворные of Seljuk stargazers at the beginning of the ‑ stars, the Sun, and the lunar disk were
предсказатели. Их услуги пользовались second millennium, when the Byzantines reflected in its water.
спросом — правители многочисленных ceded their Asian territories to the Seljuk
султанатов и бейликов, на которые со вре- Turks, was perceived calmly. In the new THE INFLUENCE OF TURKIC
менем распалось государство сельджу- state, madrassas ‑ educational institutions BELIEFS
ков, желали знать будущее. attached to mosques ‑ have become part While pundits looked into wells and pored
Сельджукские правители и сами не чу- of the education system. In them, along over drawings of the starry sky, shamans
рались астрологии. В летописях ХI века with theology, arithmetic, and astronomy, remained the main predictors for ordinary
упоминается о том, как Куталмыш, один astrology was also studied. farmers and hunters. For centuries, the
из претендентов на престол сельджуков, Over the years, madrasas in major cities sounds of their tambourines were heard
старался изменить дату столкновения such as Konya, Kayseri, and Mardin have throughout the territory of ancient Anatolia
с султаном Алп‑Арсланом, понимая, что become real scientific centers. Scientists from ‑ from the southern foothills of Taurus to the
для него это астрологически неудачные neighboring countries ‑ Azerbaijan, Iran, coast of Karadeniz, from Marmara to Lake
дни. Когда это не удалось, он вступил Khorezm ‑ gathered in their rich libraries and Van. In their rituals, the village sorcerers
в сражение и проиграл его. spacious classrooms for debates. Within invoked the elements of the world ‑ water,

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